Different cultures have different values, beliefs and practices. Participants mentioned some local herbs that are either ingested or used as enema in preparation towards childbirth. Objective: To examine women's embodied knowledge of pregnancy and birth, women's explanations of precautions during pregnancy and birth and preparations for easy birth and the role of a traditional midwife in a Thai birthing care. USC leans into addressing health inequalities with the hire of global health and human rights leader Jonathan Cohen. Childbirth traditions and cultural perceptions of safety in Nepal: critical spaces to ensure the survival of mothers and newborns in remote mountain villages. The Japanese believe that babies who cry loud and often are healthier and will grow much faster. Secondly, because each pregnancy requires a different level of care there cannot be a fixed fee. There are no baby showers in Turkeycelebrations are postponed until after the little one is born. Some measures are therefore taken to protect the neonate against any such thing in the community. Obviously, this extra level of care and service comes at a cost, and private hospitals and clinics can be considerably more expensive than general or university hospitals. Our patients represent a broad spectrum of ethnicities and walks of life, as well as a tapestry of beliefs and customs that help shape their values. On the seventh day for a Yoruba girl and the ninth day for a boy, theyre given water (to have no enemies), palm oil (for a smooth, stress-free life), kola nut (for a long and healthy one) and salt and pepper (to keep things exciting and spicy). It is therefore evident that maternal mortality is a health indicator that shows very wide gaps between the rich and the poor, urban, and rural areas, both between and within countries. Babies here receive a bundle of blessings. Despite the well-established benefits of exercise during pregnancy, many women remain inactive. For example, we see patients with a variety of circumstances and unique situations, such as women with more than one partner, same-sex couples, and patients who aresurrogatesfor other couples. It used to be the case that families would need to pay the full medical costs of childbirth directly to the medical institution where the mother gave birth, but in 2011 a direct payment system was introduced which allows the medical institution to claim the childbirth lump-sum allowance on your behalf, thus reducing the burden of an otherwise large payment. Further, hospitals and clinics in Japan offer different levels of service, from the hotel-like treatment with your own separate room at the private hospitals to a more standard level of care elsewhere. If this does not resolve the issue or you are unable to add the domains to your allowlist, please see this FAQ. This might mean more dedicated and personalized care, better food, a private room, or the benefit that the doctor with you for the regular check-ups should also be present at the birth. Some participants for instance, were of the view that the breastmilk was inadequate for the baby, hence there was the need to give other food supplements such as mashed kenkey and artificial milk sources. New Patient Appointment, Appointment First, you need to register the birth at your local city office within 14 days and to do this you will need a birth certificate issued by the medical staff at the hospital where your child was born. Like Latin Americas cuarentena, mothers here are nurtured with a similar custom called la dieta. In rural areas, a father gives his wife a shirt thats damp with his sweat after a hard days work while shes in labor, which folklore says will give her strength. I have natural way of protecting myself or I use some herbs we have the community. However, there are some things that remain taboo in certain parts of the world. The study concludes that socio-cultural beliefs are common and transcend the entire peripartum period. However, the practice of confinement does not make women start ANC early enough to enable them meet the required number of visits during pregnancy. This was because of the belief that the drug made their babies big making that results in difficult delivery. Postpartum care is called omugwo, a key component of which is babys first bath, given to him by his grandmother (or, if shes unavailable, an aunt or close friend). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068216. For example, a pregnant woman quoted: Some jealous people can bewitch and kill your baby. Objective Pregnancy and child birth is the most critical period in the health of women and children and the objective of this study was to explore traditional practices among mothers during . Broadly speaking, there are three types of medical institutions in which mothers can give birth. Newborn health also constitutes a human right as specified in the Convention of the Rights of the Child (UNICEF, Citation2013). To reduce this, policymakers and healthcare providers must encourage women with traditionally low rates of maternal health care utilization to access services. As at 2015, the risk of a woman in a developing country dying from a maternal-related cause during her lifetime was about 33 times higher compared to a woman living in a developed country (Alkema et al., Citation2016). They use uncooked cocoyam and they make a hole in it and they put water and salt in the hole theyve made, they put the water on the cord and within three days it will come off (Woman with child under five, FGD). Omiyamairis generally take place when boys and girls are 31 and 33 days old, respectively, although some geographic variations exist. Additionally, twentytwo (22) IDIs were conducted among key people in the community such as community health officers, midwives, opinion leaders, traditional birth attendants, and traditional medical practitioners. Food restrictions were also reported during pregnancy. 10,000 to15,000 for the first health check-up which includes multiple blood tests. Japanese women's views of having children: the concepts of sazu-kara and tsuku-ru. This practice was believed to contribute to making the head round as illustrated with the quotes: We prepare both hot and cold water for the bathing of the baby and then we use shea butter to massage their whole body and then we use cool water to massage their heads (Elderly woman, FGD). Your Pregnancy Matters, Pediatrics; Some were also of the view that sex restrictions could make ones partner engage in extra marital affairs. Community Health Officers who are currently responsible for implementing CHPS strategies can regularly visit TBA facilities to provide immunisation and other essential newborn care services. The Asante Akim North District with its capital Agogo is situated at the eastern part of the Ashanti Region. So, to respect the patients wishes and properly care for her baby, we partitioned the room with screens the male doctor could be present without invading the patients privacy. However, before writing your first comment, please create a display name The grandmothers other job is to help mom get back into pre-pregnancy shape with a routine that includes a belly-flattening massage with a towel dipped in hot water. Integrating cultural values, beliefs, and customs into pregnancy and postpartum care: Lessons learned from a Hawaiian public health nursing Project. Japanese women are advised to have prenatal visits every 4 weeks through 23 weeks gestation, every 2 weeks from 24 to 35 weeks, and every week after 36 weeks, for a total of 14 prenatal visit for a low to medium risk pregnancy. This first washing symbolizes that the mother isnt alone is raising her child, and that the community will always be there to help her. The Dutch embrace natural childbirth, and their medical system reflects thatmost expectant moms see a midwife and only visit an ob-gyn for high-risk pregnancies or complications. It didnt work. Children of foreign nationals born in Japan are granted permission to stay for 60 days without any status of residence. The various ethnic groups have different cultural beliefs and practices towards prenatal, antenatal, and peripartum periods. Things to stay away from. eCollection 2022. The transcripts were imported into NVivo 11 for windows for analysis. 2022 Nov 3;13:961707. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.961707. A disproportionate number of studies on this topic come from South Asia and China. For my first born, it was so difficult when I delivered in the hospital (Postnatal woman, FGD). There was also the belief that unborn babies can be bewitched by bad or jealous people in the community thus making them develop certain abnormalities in the uterus. I do not like the family planning method we get from the hospital. Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants, Both FGDs and IDIs showed that it was inappropriate to announce a pregnancy until it becomes visible. In the light of these, health education offered to women during ANC visits should highlight the necessity for the continuum of care that includes skilled attendance at birth and postnatal care. Socio-cultural beliefs are common and transcend the entire peripartum period. Disclaimer. Following that, line-by-line reading of all transcripts within the NVivo 11 software and relevant portions of statements made by respondents coded unto existing and new nodes. As noted by Creswell et al. This was made of 72 and 22 participants in the FGD, and IDI, respectively (Table 1). For the girl, I vomit a lot but a boy I dont, its only my soles that swell (Woman with child under five, FGD). Skip to Site Navigation Like any country, expecting mothers should have hospital bag prepared as their due date approaches. This is usually the case for women who go to the Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA). Analyses of data occurred concurrently with data collection with the hope of ending the study at the point of saturation, where new data collected no longer brought additional insights. The spoon means a girl, the knife a boy and the fork means the gender is undetermined. Community-based management of neonatal conditions using trained village health workers has been shown to be effective in reducing neonatal mortality (Bhutta et al., Citation2005). Search Conditions & Treatments In this Hindu country, an important birthing tradition is burying the placenta, which is believed to be alive and almost like a twin sibling of the newborn. UT Southwestern staffs a range of interpreters, but when a needed language isnt available, we useLanguageLine, a paid service through AT&T. Terada S, Doi S, Tani Y, Maeda Y, Isumi A, Sugawara J, Maeda K, Satoh S, Mitsuda N, Fujiwara T. Front Psychiatry. Many women giving birth in Australia believe it's important to follow the traditional pregnancy and birth practices of their culture. That is the reason why I delivered at the TBAs place. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Nowadays, however, mothers usually choose to stay indoors for just the first month. Your guide to pregnancy-related abbreviations, PeriPAN: Getting pregnant and postpartum women mental health care faster, Opioid use and pregnancy: An honest discussion, Progesterone and premature birth: What a new study means for pregnant women, During pregnancy, avoid cold cuts and soft cheeses to reduce listeria risk, As RSV rates soar, get tips to protect new babies, Self-serve birth control? I also have some medicine that I apply on the babys body for it to disappear (TBA, IDI). Certain medical procedures associated with pregnancy, such ascircumcisionand blood transfusions in emergency situations, are not acceptable by all religions. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The study participants indicated they have received education on the need to exclusively breastfeed the baby for 6 months. Omiyamairi describes a prominent Japanese ritual that involves taking babies to the nearest Shinto shrines. 1845 N. Soto St.Los Angeles, CA 90032USA(323)
[email protected], 2023 USC Institute on Inequalities in Global Health, Traditional beliefs and practices in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum: A review of the evidence from Asian countries, SDG Leadership Academy Fellowship Program: Global to Local, The Health and Human Rights Oral History Project, Program on Global Health and Human Rights, Rights-Oriented Research and Education for Sexual and Reproductive Health. During this period, friends visit and eat the celebratory red rice and red bean dish osekihan. Guest et al. Some help to heal wounds in your stomach after birth (Postnatal woman, FGD). This was especially so for women who lived at places where they had to cross a river to the nearest health facility for ANC. Any variations in views were discussed and resolved by the translators. Doctors must approach these conversations differently from the way we might discuss less intimate procedures. In the pregnancy category, the majority of the studies focused on dietary recommendations and behavioral taboos. Thus, during economic downturns, being pregnant can essentially save your job. She felt uncomfortable having men except her partner in the room during delivery and recovery. and ripe plantain too, that one when you eat it, it makes you defecate frequently. Here are some pregnancy beliefs and customs from different parts of the world. The CS is because of lack of sex during pregnancy (Woman with child under five year, FGD). Queries were also run in NVivo to quantify some of the qualitative data and the results exported and added to the qualitative data in the results. As a result, confinement during early pregnancy was a common practice as shown in the quote. This was illustrated by the following quotes: .When you are pregnant with a girl there is a place in the womb she sleeps and with a boy too, he has a place he sleeps in the womb (woman with child under five, FGD). Additionally, you may have costs relating to prescriptions for symptoms during pregnancy (e.g. Whereas some indicated that sexual intercourse could begin 40 days after delivery, many of them noted they started having sex 3 months after delivery. Quality assessment of pre- and postnatal nutrition and exercise mobile applications in the United States and China. Your Pregnancy Matters, Appointment The protocol for this study was reviewed and approved by Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee (GHS-ERC: 006/11/17). To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. This may be related, in part, to women's beliefs about exercise in pregnancy, which are likely influenced by cultural background. Instead of being showered with gifts when baby is born, its the opposite in Brazilwhen guests come to see mother and child in the hospital, she gives them a basket of presents instead. Japan is also one of a handful of countries where episiotomy is still widely practiced. You need to submit an application for child benefit payments (, nintei-seikysho) within 15 days from the day after birth. As found in some studies, womens preference for TBAs during pregnancy and labour, compared to the healthcare facilities was due to the use of herbal medications, which was preferred to the drugs and vaccines administered at the ANC clinics (Okafor et al., Citation2014). Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Globally, about 830 women die from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications every day and this is unacceptably high (Alkema et al., Citation2016). If they do not feel that they can exercise control over their health behaviour, they are not motivated to act, or to persist through challenges. We humbly apologize for the inconvenience. FOIA Some cultures also have guidelines or traditions aroundco-sleeping, baptism, and baby-naming. English versions of the Maternity and Children Health Handbook are also available. The issuance of a residence card for your child typically takes 14 days (the card will not show your childs photograph so you do not need to prepare one for the application). Do not lose this pack. What I have noticed is that when I am pregnant with a boy, I have a big stomach but when it is a girl, I have a small stomach (Woman with child under five, FGD). The primary causes of maternal death are haemorrhage, hypertension, infections, and indirect causes, mostly due to interaction between pre-existing medical conditions and pregnancy. I put hot water compresses on the fontanelle because it is soft and so when I do that it helps to make it strong and also close the gap in the fontanelle. And it all starts with effective patient-doctor communication. Thematic data analysis process consists of three interrelated stages namely data reduction, data display and data conclusion-drawing or verification (Miles & Huberman, Citation1994). By virtue of the fact that communities have their own unique cultures and traditions, maternal and new-born traditional practices may differ from community to community. Beyond that, medical institutions are chosen based on word-of-mouth, reputation, proximity to home, and so on. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted This figure further decreased to 776 in 2020.
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