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Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Moriguchi, T. & Arita, Y. Sci. 58, 13471364 (2020). Peer review information Nature Medicine thanks Pedro Hallal, Usama Bilal and Vladimir Canudas Romo for their contribution to the peer review of this work. J. performed the computations mentored by P.M.Z. endobj https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/super-absorbent-polymer-market (20152020). Rede PENSSAN. A life cycle assessment was used to compare the routes that involved (i) no sonication, (ii) sonication for 1min (2.5% w/v) and (iii) sonication for 2min (5.0% w/v), including the workup steps, and will be described in more detail below. When intense shocks like a pandemic or war occur, life expectancy drops, but it often rebounds quickly. Article 2a and Supplementary Table 7). d, Number of COVID-19 deaths in 2020 per 100,000 people by state (Methods). We compared the gap in life expectancy between males and females in the period life tables constructed for 2019 and 2020 (Methods). J. Phys. Brazil continues to face a challenging situation. PDF Nature and Biodiversity Gairs ir kiti dokumentai - LIFE projektai M.C.C. 19, 36923706 (2017). We show that life expectancy in the presence of COVID-19 is equivalent to levels observed in Brazil as far back as 20 or more years in some states. Castro, M. C. et al. http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/ (2021). To obtain In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles To do this, we multiplied the age group-specific and sex-specific mortality rates from 2019 from each state by the corresponding projected population for March 2021. Environ. Super absorbent polymer recycling to pressure sensitive adhesives. Researchers investigate what COVID-19 does to the heart. Chem. Raber, D. J. et al. As expected, the VWs are higher with larger Mw, which is due to the increased chain entanglements. Proc. Fundao Oswaldo Cruz. Zekry, M., Nassar, I., Salim, H. & Abdallah, A. Abbasi, J. However, in the presence of COVID-19, this assumption might not hold because deaths were unevenly distributed over the year. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z. JRSvk] The initially heterogeneous reaction mixture becomes a homogeneous solution over time due to the chemical change from a superabsorbent gel-like substance into the soluble, linear polymer products. Here we report an open-loop recycling method for these materials that involves (i) decrosslinking via hydrolysis, (ii) an optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) functionalizing via Fischer esterification. In the Northeast, however, the estimated decreases in life expectancy in 2020 are smaller than in the North. Preston, S., Heuveline, P. & Guillot, M. Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes (Wiley-Blackwell, 2000). Holmes, L. et al. However, this process utilizes expensive solvents (dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide) and stoichiometric quantities of base (tetramethylguanidine), both of which would likely be too costly for large-scale recycling of waste superabsorbent materials. To access more than one type of pressure-sensitive adhesive, we needed a method to shorten the linear polymers obtained after the decrosslinking step. An alternative recycling route known as chemical recycling was developed to address these challenges8,9,10,11. Chang, E. P. Viscoelastic windows of pressure-sensitive adhesives. Before COVID-19, e0 in Brazil lagged behind many countries in Asia, Europe and the Americas. 8). Hogan, A. et al. An international comparison of age and sex dependency of COVID-19 deaths in 2020: a descriptive analysis, A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden, Years of life lost to COVID-19 in 81 countries, Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of HIV Mortality in China: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Disease and healthcare burden of COVID-19 in the United States, Impact of COVID-19 on older adults and role of long-term care facilities during early stages of epidemic in Italy, Global ecological analysis of COVID-19 mortality and comparison between the East and the West, Short- and medium-term impacts of strict anti-contagion policies on non-COVID-19 mortality in China, Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2, https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html, https://opendatasus.saude.gov.br/nl/dataset, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code, https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/, https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/latinmortality/wp-content/uploads/book_Ch2.pdf, https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772, https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/14/brazil-manaus-amazonas-covid-coronavirus, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252554v1, http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/, https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002, https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448, https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/auxilio-emergencial-faz-pobreza-cair-em-plena-pandemia, http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response, Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study, Coronavirus disease-related in-hospital mortality: a cohort study in a private healthcare network in Brazil, The 90 plus: longevity and COVID-19 survival, Years of life lost during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden considering variation in life expectancy by level of geriatric care. Google Scholar. Barone, M. T. U. et al. After more than 195,000 lives were reported to have been lost in 2020 to COVID-19, no policy changes have appeared in 2021. The South was the last region to be severely hit by COVID-19 in 2020 (ref. LIFE 2021 IS PUBLISHED - zabala.eu Codice fiscale e Partita Iva 10125211002 . In late April 2021, a parliamentary commission of inquiry was launched to investigate the governments handling of the pandemic response41. Informao Demogrfica e Socioeconmica. Article Caruso, M. M. et al. The superabsorbent polymer provided by P&G is a sodium poly(acrylate) crosslinked via ~0.05mol% poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate co-monomer (PAAP&G)30. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002 (2021). Under ultrasound, solvodynamic shear forces cleave polymer chains into shorter fragments while maintaining the polymers chemical identity. ACS Macro Lett. The data required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data. The authors declare no other competing interests. These results suggest that the substrate hydrophobicity also favors conversion to the ester. Chem. We found that the faster the speed at which COVID-19 spread across municipalities (a lower locational Hoover Index), the larger the changes in e0 (Pearson correlation=0.724, P<0.001). Degrad. Accept all achievement motivation scale manual Manage preferences. Hope O Baker - Mite Coordinator - Mankato Area Hockey Assoc | LinkedIn 2). %PDF-1.7 Lpine, L. & Gilbert, R. Thermal degradation of polyacrylic acid in dilute aqueous solution. Moreover, the route involving just decrosslinking and esterification (i.e., no sonication) has the potential to be industrially scalable, providing a sustainable solution to a longstanding waste problem. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature Medicine (Nat Med) Degrad. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP) 916 (Springer International Publishing AG, 2018). U.S. Patent 9,447,309 B2. Considering the large COVID-19 death toll in Brazil, with marked regional inequalities, our goal was to quantify the loss in e0 and e65 in 2020 and in the first 4 months of 2021 due to the pandemic. For example, the 1918 influenza pandemic was estimated to have reduced e0 in the United States by 712 years7. 2 Topics under the 2021 call 1. Funding & tenders - European Commission & Brooks, C. L. Adaptive landscape flattening accelerates sampling of alchemical space in multisite dynamics. Commission has launched on 17 May 2022 the LIFE Programme Calls for proposals. Sonicating 2.5% and 5.0% w/v solutions of decrosslinked PAAP&G for 010min using a 20kHz sonication horn operating at full amplitude (100%) revealed rapid chain-shortening for the decrosslinked PAAP&G (Fig. Natl Acad. Google Scholar. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. SAP GUI Scripting Security Guide. We removed 2,689 (0.20%) and 2,722 (0.18%) records in 2019 and 2020, respectively, that did not have information on sex and/or age. A life cycle assessment was used to compare the routes that involved (i) no sonication, (ii) sonication for 1 min (2.5% w/v) and (iii) sonication for 2 min (5.0% w/v), including the workup steps,. Child immunization was reduced, particularly among impoverished children in the North region29. Third, because local health authorities have 60 d to report deaths from any cause, delayed death registration might be an issue in 2021, and, thus, for the first 4 months of 2021, we used confirmed COVID-19 deaths as reported by Brasil.io, which compiles epidemiological bulletins from the 27 state health departments. Baqui, P., Bica, I., Marra, V., Ercole, A. Experimentally, a plateau is observed in the plot of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus sonication time. Aburto, J. M. et al. Assists in troubleshooting SAP transactions; provide support to operations and maintenance. On. Our results quantify the effect of the COVID-19 death toll on life expectancy in Brazil. 75, 337345 (2002). State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. To monitor this process, we measured changes in the complex viscosity over time. Both methods resulted in larger estimates of life expectancy decline compared to the difference between 2019 and 2020 period life tables (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2): for example, for Brazil (both sexes), the decline in e0 was estimated at 1.92 years (DT20) and 1.67 years (DT19) versus 1.31 years (difference between 2019 and 2020 life tables). IBGE. x\[s8~w! and T.A. (ed.) Similarly to Brazil, many other countries in Latin America experienced a relatively fast pace of mortality improvement during this period, benefitting from the public health and medical progress of their forerunners9,11. y?UT=*b!k jV/d=ucKW|8pJ{XCz"Xb3lhUY?|4~'"nj(\9c XP9@p*;+dw. Future Market Insights (FMI). Todd Carruthers - Asset Inventory Manager - Fujitsu | LinkedIn Sade Pblica 36, e00115320 (2020). Nature Governance - axudas.gal Trans. endobj Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article. 1, 46 (2017). et al. Rev. To interrogate this hypothesis, we measured the percent esterification under different conditions. ADS Li, J., Nagamani, C. & Moore, J. S. Polymer mechanochemistry: from destructive to productive. What it lacks is leadership commitment to save lives. 4 0 obj The impact of COVID-19 on people with diabetes in Brazil. Life cycle assessments (LCA) were performed to assess the cumulative energetic and environmental impacts of producing 1kg of adhesive via our open-loop recycling method. Our mission was, and remains, to change the way energy is made and used in. The transformation relies on an (i) acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, (ii) optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) a highly efficient esterification driven by hydrophobicity. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. WASHINGTON (AP) An ambitious and wide-ranging White House cybersecurity plan released Thursday calls for bolstering protections on critical sectors and making software companies legally liable. Huang, C. et al. Third, reports of long-term consequences of COVID-19 among survivors continue to emerge32,33, including fatigue and neurological, pulmonary and cardiovascular complications, among others. 2 0 obj In this study, we used data on reported total deaths in 2020 and in JanuaryApril 2021 to measure and compare the death toll across states. Google Scholar. Proven ability to identify and interpret a. are supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant no. Hong, M. & Chen, E. Y.-X. B 121, 36263635 (2017). Expected Impact : Applicants are expected to define, calculate, explain and achieve ambitious and credible impacts in terms of conservation benefit, ensuring at the same time long term sustainability and . Proc. We applied standard life table relationships to complete these counterfactual life tables44. The highest absolute and relative decline among states was estimated for Amazonas (3.46 years), followed by Amap (3.18 years) and Par (2.71 years), all in the North region. This compromised screening for cancer, with a reduction of about 35% in new diagnoses28. Within the first 15h, we observed a substantial drop (more than two orders of magnitude) in viscosity, after which point no further changes were observed. BMJ Open 11, e042934 (2021). Managed the strategic partnerships with: Microsoft, Nokia, and NavTech. Also in May 2021, the first case of the Delta variant (B.1.617.2), first detected in India, was reported in Brazil26. For many polymers, recycling via mechanical processes is not feasible and these materials are destined for landfills or incineration. are employees at P&G. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Marcia C. Castro,Susie Gurzenda&Sun Kim, Demography Department, Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Office of Population Research and Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, You can also search for this author in is supported by the National Institute on Aging (grant no. We calculated the correlation between the speed of the spread of COVID-19 deaths (measured by the locational Hoover Index)18 and the decline in e0. ISSN 1078-8956 (print). In any recycling effort, it is essential that a life cycle assessment27 is performed to determine the energy and environmental costs. We abstracted death data on 18 May 2021, for all states, as reported through 30 April 2021 (n=209,458 confirmed COVID-19 deaths). Expected Impact . Anjeza Beharaj, Ethan Z. McCaslin, Mark W. Grinstaff, Aya Samir, Fatma H. Ashour, Mohamed Bassyouni, Amar K. Mohanty, Feng Wu, Manjusri Misra, Hom N. Sharma, Jeremy M. Lenhardt, Long N. Dinh, Ephraim G. Morado, Mara L. Paterson, Steven C. Zimmerman, Anna M. Duraj-Thatte, Avinash Manjula-Basavanna, Neel S. Joshi, Ainara Sangroniz, Jian-Bo Zhu, Haritz Sardon, Nature Communications The estimated setback for e65 was overwhelming, equalling values last observed as far back as the early 2000s in most states in the North region and before 2000 in Amazonas, Par and Gois. Percentage loss due to COVID-19 mortality relative to increases in female and male e0 (a) and e65 (b) between 2000 and 2020 by state. [:BiU{okw}weM~{zo=nR{=x"}C?V]nQi,"8(,|"}'Y77iY. PDF LIFE PROGRAMME LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE General Information From April to December 2020, an emergency basic income program mitigated the challenges imposed by the pandemic37 (for example, unemployment), but this benefit ended in December 2020. life-2021-sap-nat nature-DcardPTT|202206| LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature 29, 233246 (1990). Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil. axL5Bv\cH L(8@#lP&djen$kqbn7GwU$Kn~` d!B"mheQ%$HL3\0(Jqv\s. The consequences of that death toll can be measured by e0, which indicates the average number of years a newborn would be expected to live if born in a specific year and subject to the prevailing mortality rates in that year throughout life. <> %jgm'"RerkS%K8%b-R*$U{[>m /m1Zf%R(tO*Z{| k,o2;6_s1R5]:4]"%DA& iAL (~E$5B=_"d)}5.zMQU3 d &=1,/'d@|u%jB]Lpl[&nVR&B%,Qq[ Mohammed Ahmed Al-Nahari - UGRP Deputy General, VP - NCGR - National Article Life Cycle Assess. Bauer, W., Jr. Acrylic acid and derivatives. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The potential of superabsorbent polymers from diaper wastes to enhance water retention properties of the soil. Ultrason. Therefore, we estimated the provisional decline in life expectancy in 2021 thus far; this estimate is based on the DT19 method noted earlier but, in this case, adding confirmed 2021 COVID-19 deaths to the deaths expected among those who did not die of COVID-19, who are assumed to be subject to 2019 mortality rates for the remainder of 2021 (Supplementary Table 11).

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