white lotus rebellion

Find your perfect car with Edmunds expert reviews, car comparisons, and pricing tools. The Red Turban Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Hngjn Qy) was an uprising influenced by the White Lotus Society members that, between 1351 and 1368, targeted the ruling Yuan Dynasty of China, eventually leading to its overthrowing. White Lotus Rebellion | Infoplease - Fact Monster Some of these militia groups were further trained as attack armies to seek out the rebels, whose forces were thinned by offers of amnesty to the rank and file and of rewards for the capture of the leaders. The river flooded constantly, and other natural disasters also occurred. "White Lotus Rebellion That history stretched back at least as far as 221 BCE when Qin Shi Huangdi first united China into a single empire. Forty-eight years later, Zeng Guofan, leader of Hunan-based Xiang Army studied the Qing government's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion and he was inspired by them while he was considering ways to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. Alternate titles: Bailianjiao, Pai-lien chiao, San Jos State University - The White Lotus Religion in China. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. [12] The experience of suppressing the rebellion led to improvement in the organization and training of the militia, as many of their leaders wrote extensively on mobilization, enlistment and local defense methods. In its last stage, the Qing suppression policy combined the pursuit and extermination of rebel guerrilla bands with a program of amnesty for deserters. The government had to depend on more Han Chinese recruits (Green Standard) since there were not enough Manchu. The White Lotus led impoverished settlers into rebellion, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. List of battleships of the United States Navy, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, http://www.scribd.com/doc/37359117/Bodycount-Final, http://books.google.com/books?id=Md801mHEeOkC&pg=PA9, History of Chinese Culture on History.com. Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. After both died in battle in 1796, the Qing government sent new officials, but none were successful. Approximately 7,000 Banner troops were sent in from Manchuria in combination with Green Standard Army soldiers from Guizhou and Yunnan as well as tens of thousands of local mercenaries. White Lotus Rebellion, (17961804), large-scale uprising in the mountainous regions of central China that contributed to the decline of the Qing dynasty (16441911/12). In its last stage, the Qing suppression policy combined the pursuit and extermination of rebel guerrilla bands with a program of amnesty for deserters. Not until the Qianlong emperor died in 1799 was Heshen removed and the war really prosecuted. READ: Economic and Material Causes of Revolt - Khan Academy One such official was Huang Yupian (), who refuted the ideas which were found in the scriptures which expressed orthodox Confucian and Buddhist views in A Detailed Refutation of Heresy ( Pxi Xingbin), which was written in 1838. In its last stage, the Ch'ing suppression policy combined pursuit and extermination of rebel guerrilla bands with a program of amnesty for deserters. Others began to openly call for the overthrow of the existing regime and replace it with a constitutional rule. The White Lotus War - University of Washington Press 7 Population Milestones for 7 Billion People | Live Science Snow Lotus | Frisco TX - Facebook The White Lotus War: Rebellion and Suppression in Late Imperial China "Rebellion and Religious Identity: The Case of the White Lotus Uprising (17961804)", This page was last edited on 14 February 2023, at 03:10. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures which were used by the religious groups. Completely unprepared for such an onslaught, the Qing dynasty lost, and Britain imposed unequal treaties and took control of the Hong Kong region, along with millions of pounds of silver to compensate the British for the lost opium. It was an organized religion, which was once popular in Yuan Dynasty. She has taught at the high school and university levels in the U.S. and South Korea. If mathematical, chemical, physical and other formulas are not displayed correctly on this page, please useFirefox or Safari, For the 14th-century rebellion also related to the White Lotus, see, Conscientious objection to military taxation, List of historical acts of tax resistance, National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee, The Cold War and the Income Tax: A Protest, Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty, Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet, Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, Banknotes of the Ta-Ching Government Bank, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Surprisingly, the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces. As one Qing official complained: The rebels are all our own subjects. The rebellion grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. The feared Manchu banners, since their conquests of the early 1700s, showed they were no longer a military force of much value, and the emperor had to recruit a new army made up of Chinese militia. The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. At the . Fall of China's Qing Dynasty: Causes and Consequences - ThoughtCo White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 - globalsecurity.org Local disaffection broke out in the so-called White Lotus Rebellion of 1796-1804, which was centerd in the Szechwan- Shensi- Hupeh- Honan border regions. In 1805, the imperial authorities suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion by instituting a combination of military and social policies. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures which were used by the religious groups. Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. One of the tools they used to stay in power was a very strict restriction on trade. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the Jin dynasty founded by Huiyuan in Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. The Qings were from Manchuria, and they established their dynasty as a conquering force of the Ming dynasty by non-Chinese outsiders, maintaining that identity and organization throughout their 268-year reign. And so the war was waged. . Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than four thousand soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan . Since then, this book has become an invaluable source because it has enabled scholars to understand the beliefs of these groups. Update now. }, Page last modified: The Qing state banned the religion, and it, The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (11271279). [9], A systematic program of pacification followed: the populace was resettled in hundreds of stockaded villages and organized into militias. According to Ter Haar, it is clear that the "White Lotus" rebels of the uprisings that occurred between 1796 and 1804 did not voluntarily use the term "White Lotus" to refer to themselves or their movement. ", Dai, Yingcong. The White Lotus War (1796-1804) in central China marked the end of the Qing dynasty's golden age and the fatal weakening of the imperial system itself. Qing Dynasty Inventions & Innovations - Totally History [6] The group forecast the advent of Maitreya, advocated restoration of the native Chinese Ming Dynasty, and promised personal salvation to its followers while promising the return of the Buddha.[7]. By 1387, after more than 30 years of war, their leader, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered the North China Plain and occupied the Yuan capital Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing). On assuming effective power in 1799, however, Emperor Chia Ch'ing (reigned 17961820) overthrew the Ho-shen clique and gave support to the efforts of the more vigorous Manchu commanders as a way of restoring discipline and morale. //Decline and Fall of China Yuan Dynasty Within China, dissent grew, and the empire began to crumble from within. This internecine war lasted over ten years, at a cost of tens of thousands of lives and an expenditure, by the government alone, of two hundred million taels in money. When the White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804) occurred, the dynasty was forced to turn to peasant soldiers to suppress the rebels in central and southern China, since the regular army lacked the necessary strength and morale.

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