Staff should explain and read the rules and the handbook to any prisoner unable to read them by reason of illiteracy or disability. (c) If a correctional agency contracts for provision of any services or programs, it should ensure that the contract requires the provider to comply with these Standards, including Standard 23-9.1 governing grievances. (a) Governmental authorities should allow prisoners to produce newspapers and other communications media for the dissemination of information, opinions, and other material of interest, and to distribute such media to the prisoner population and to the general public. The prisoners own views with respect to his or her own safety should be given serious consideration. (c) Correctional authorities should minimize the extent to which vulnerable prisoners needing protection are subjected to rules and conditions a reasonable person would experience as punitive. Any such search should be conducted by a trained health care professional who does not have a provider-patient relationship with the prisoner, and should be conducted in a private area devoted to the provision of medical care and out of the sight of others, except that a prisoner should be permitted to request that more than one staff member be present. (b) Correctional administrators and officials should implement recruitment and selection processes that will ensure that staff are professionally qualified, psychologically fit to work with prisoners, and certified or licensed as appropriate. a. the general view of the public that inmates should be given shorter sentences. (a) Involuntary mental health treatment of a prisoner should be permitted only if the prisoner is suffering from a serious mental illness, non-treatment poses a significant risk of serious harm to the prisoner or others, and no less intrusive alternative is reasonably available. Governmental authorities should make every effort to house all prisoners in need of secure confinement in publicly operated correctional facilities. Conditions of extreme isolation generally include a combination of sensory deprivation, lack of contact with other persons, enforced idleness, minimal out-of-cell time, and lack of outdoor recreation. The use of firearms should always be considered the use of deadly force. (c) Correctional administrators and officials should strive to employ a work force at each correctional facility that reasonably reflects the racial and ethnic demographics of the prisoner population by engaging in outreach and recruiting efforts to increase the pool of qualified applicants from underrepresented groups and by implementing appropriate retention policies. No correctional staff member should impede or unreasonably delay a prisoners access to health care staff or treatment. When practicable and consistent with security, a prisoner should be permitted to observe any search of personal property belonging to that prisoner. (b) A correctional agency should designate an internal unit, answerable to the head of the agency, to be responsible for investigating allegations of serious staff misconduct, including misconduct against prisoners, and for referring appropriate cases for administrative disciplinary measures or criminal prosecution. (b) When determining whether a pleading or other court filing has stated a legally cognizable claim or complied with other requirements, courts should take into account the challenges faced by pro se prisoners. A decision to retain a prisoner in segregated housing following consideration by the classification review committee should be reviewed by a correctional administrator, and approved, rejected, or modified as appropriate. (iv) assertions of a defense to any action brought against them. (c) A correctional facility should provide prisoners diagnosed with mental illness, mental retardation, or other cognitive impairments appropriate housing assignments and programming opportunities in accordance with their diagnoses, vulnerabilities, functional impairments, and treatment or habilitation plans. Segregated housing should be for the briefest term and under the least restrictive conditions practicable and consistent with the rationale for placement and with the progress achieved by the prisoner. Cut-down tools should be readily available to security personnel, who should be trained in first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cut-down techniques, and emergency notification procedures. (e) If correctional officials conduct a disciplinary proceeding during the pendency of a criminal investigation or prosecution, correctional authorities should advise the prisoner of the right to remain silent during the proceeding, and should not use that silence against the prisoner. Correctional officials should establish criteria for forwarding such reports to a specialized unit trained in the appropriate investigation methods. (iii) the de novo hearing held every [6 months] should decide whether to continue or modify any involuntary treatment, and in reaching that decision should consider, in addition to other relevant evidence, evidence of side effects. (b) If correctional officials determine that an allegation of serious misconduct involving a prisoner is credible, the staff member who is the subject of the allegation should be promptly removed from a position of trust and placed either on administrative leave or in a position that does not involve contact with prisoners or supervision of others who have contact with prisoners, pending resolution of the matter. (v) health care that is necessary during the period of imprisonment is provided regardless of a prisoners ability to pay, the size of the correctional facility, or the duration of the prisoners incarceration. Correctional authorities should not hog-tie prisoners or restrain them in a fetal or prone position. (e) Correctional administrators and officials should regularly review use of force reports, serious incident reports, and grievances, and take any necessary remedial action to address systemic problems. (ix) a de novo hearing held every [6 months], with the same procedural protections as here provided, to decide if involuntary placement in the mental health facility remains necessary. (b) Correctional authorities should not discriminate against a prisoner in housing, programs, or other activities or services because the prisoner has a chronic or communicable disease, including HIV or AIDS, unless the best available objective evidence indicates that participation of the prisoner poses a direct threat to the health or safety of others. (e) For prisoners whose confinement extends more than [30 days], correctional authorities should allow contact visits between prisoners and their visitors, especially minor children, absent an individualized determination that a contact visit between a particular prisoner and a particular visitor poses a danger to a criminal investigation or trial, institutional security, or the safety of any person. (c) The mental health of prisoners in long-term segregated housing should be monitored as follows: (i) Daily, correctional staff should maintain a log documenting prisoners behavior. Preparation for re-entry should include assistance in locating housing, identifying and finding job opportunities, developing a resume and learning interviewing skills, debt counseling, and developing or resuming healthy family relationships. (d) The term correctional authorities means all correctional staff, officials, and administrators. (g) Government legal services should be available to prisoners to the same extent they are available to non-prisoners. (d) Prior to involuntary mental health treatment of a prisoner with a serious mental illness, the prisoner should be afforded, at a minimum, the procedural protections specified in subdivision (b) of this Standard for involuntary mental health transfers, except that: (i) decision-making in the first instance and on appeal should be by a judicial or administrative hearing officer independent of the correctional agency, or by an neutral committee that includes at least one qualified mental health professional and that may include appropriate correctional agency staff, but does not include any health care professional responsible for treating or referring the prisoner for transfer; (ii) the notice should set forth the mental health staffs diagnosis and basis for the proposed treatment, a description of the proposed treatmentincluding, where relevant, the medication name and dosageand the less-intrusive alternatives considered and rejected; and. (e) Correctional authorities, including health care staff, should not reveal information about any incident of prisoner sexual abuse to any person, except to other staff or law enforcement personnel who need to know about the incident in order to make treatment, investigation, or other security or management decisions, or to appropriate external oversight officials or agencies. (d) Correctional authorities should be permitted to open and inspect an envelope, package, or container sent to or by a prisoner to determine if it contains contraband or other prohibited material, subject to the restrictions set forth in these Standards on inspection of mail to or from counsel. (d) The right of access to counsel described in subdivisions (a) and (c) of this Standard should apply in connection with all legal matters, regardless of the type or subject matter of the representation or whether litigation is pending or the representation has commenced. If correctional authorities have a reasonable suspicion that a prisoners legal materials contain non-legal material that violates written policy, they should be permitted to read the materials only to the extent necessary to determine whether they are legal in nature. (f) A correctional facility should be appropriately staffed. (d) Governmental authorities should prepare a financial and correctional impact statement to accompany any proposed criminal justice legislation that would affect the size, demographics, or requirements of the jurisdictions prison and jail populations, and should periodically assess the extent to which criminal justice legislation is achieving positive results. (d) Correctional authorities should house and manage prisoners with physical disabilities, including temporary disabilities, in a manner that provides for their safety and security. (d) Laws, policies, administrative rules, standards, and reporting requirements applicable to publicly operated correctional facilities of similar security levels in the contracting jurisdiction, including those applicable to staff qualifications and training, freedom of information demands and disclosures, and external oversight, should apply in substance to a privately operated facility either as a matter of statutory law or as incorporated contract terms. (f) The term correctional official means an individual with responsibility for facility-wide operations and management. Correctional authorities should safely accommodate prisoners who are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illness or infectious disease, or are otherwise medically vulnerable. which of the following alternatives to litigation has NOT been incorporated into state correctional systems? all of the following are considered to be alternatives to inmate litigation, except; in hudson v. palmer (1984) the supreme court held that the rules of the _____amendment do not apply to a search of a convicted prisoners cell. (h) A correctional facility should be monitored and regularly inspected by independent government entities. (ix) prompt review of the classification committees decision by correctional administrators. A correctional facility should be subject to the same enforcement penalties and procedures, including abatement procedures for noncompliance, as are applicable to other institutions. (c) Dental care should be provided to treat prisoners dental pain, eliminate dental pathology, and preserve and restore prisoners ability to chew. (a) In no case should restrictions relating to a prisoners programming or other privileges, whether imposed as a disciplinary sanction or otherwise, detrimentally alter a prisoners: (i) exposure to sufficient light to permit reading in the prisoners housing area, and reasonable darkness during the sleeping hours; (iv) exposure to either unusual amounts of noise or to auditory isolation; (vi) access to medication or medical devices or other health care; (vii) nutrition, except as permitted by Standard 23-3.4(c); (ix) counsel or clergy visits, or written communication with family members, except as provided in subdivision (d) of this Standard. Correctional authorities should be permitted to assign prisoners to community service; to jobs in prison industry programs; or to jobs useful for the operation of the facility, including cleaning, food service, maintenance, and agricultural programs. the first successful prisoners rights cases of the 1970s involved: In _______, the U.S. supreme court ruled that while the death penalty was constitutional, the way it was used constituted "cruel and unusual" punishment. A written translation in a language the prisoner understands should be provided within a reasonable period of time to each literate prisoner who does not understand English. Salaries and benefits should be sufficient to attract and retain qualified staff. If correctional officials elect to require use of a particular grievance form, correctional authorities should make forms and writing implements readily available and should allow a grievant to proceed without using the designated form if it was not readily available to that prisoner. All other information should be disclosed only upon the prisoners written consent unless: (i) a government official specifies in writing the particular information desired, the officials agency is authorized by law to request that information, and the disclosure of the information is appropriately limited to protect the prisoners privacy; (ii) the material is sought only for statistical, research, or reporting purposes and is not in a form containing the prisoners name, number, symbol, or other information that might identify the prisoner; (iii) the disclosure is made pursuant to a valid court order or subpoena, or is otherwise required by law; or. (h) When practicable, giving due regard to security, public safety, and budgetary constraints, correctional officials should authorize prisoners to leave a correctional facility for compelling humanitarian reasons such as a visit to a dying parent, spouse, or child, either under escort or alone. (b) Information about a prisoners health condition should not be disclosed to other prisoners. (d) If a correctional staff member discovers a breach of security; a threat to prisoner, staff, or public safety; or some other actual or threatened harm to a prisoner, staff, or the public, the correctional staff member should report that discovery promptly to a supervisor. Correctional authorities should promptly relay any such report, or any other information they obtain regarding such conduct, to the chief executive officer of the facility. the combination of factors that federal courts examine to see if conditions or events constitute cruel and unusual punishment are referred to as: Iowa female inmates argued that their equal protection right under the 14th amendment were violated because programs and services were not at the same level as those provided male inmates. (a) The term chief executive officer of the facility means the correctional official with command authority over a particular correctional facility. (b) Correctional agency policy should prohibit use of electronic or chemical weaponry for the following purposes: (iii) to rouse an unconscious, impaired, or intoxicated prisoner; (iv) against any prisoner using passive resistance when there is no immediate threat of bodily harm; or. which of the following is NOT one of the 3 steps most corrections systems use when handling the inmate grievance process? (c) Prisoners should work under health and safety conditions substantially the same as those that prevail in similar types of employment in the free community, except to the extent that security requires otherwise. B. the time a prisoner spends speaking on the telephone with counsel should not count against any applicable maximum telephone time. Correctional authorities should be permitted to summarize or redact information provided to the prisoner if it was obtained under a promise of confidentiality or if its disclosure could harm the prisoner or others or would not serve the best treatment interests of the prisoner. (c) A correctional agency should be required to respond in a public document to the findings of the monitoring agency, to develop an action plan to address identified problems, and to periodically document compliance with recommendations or explain noncompliance; however, if security requires, the public document should be permitted to be supplemented by a confidential one. Prisoners should be entitled to observe special religious practices, including fasting and special dining hours. jailhouse lawyers. (a) A correctional facility should be safe and orderly and should be run in a fair and lawful manner. (f) Correctional administrators should routinely collect, analyze, and publish statistical information on agency operations including security incidents, sexual assaults, prisoner grievances, uses of force, health and safety, spending on programs and services, program participation and outcomes, staffing, and employee discipline. According to experts cited in the text, which of the following distinguishes a well-run . (iii) necessary interpretive services during disciplinary proceedings or other hearings, for processes by which a prisoner may lodge a complaint about staff misconduct or concerns about safety, and during provision of health care. (d) Correctional authorities should not assign a prisoner to involuntary protective custody for a period exceeding [30 days] unless there is a serious and credible threat to the prisoners safety and staff are unable to adequately protect the prisoner either in the general population or by a transfer to another facility. The evaluation should also consider the state of the prisoners mental health; address the extent to which the individuals behavior, measured against the plan, justifies the need to maintain, increase, or decrease the level of controls and restrictions in place at the time of the evaluation; and recommend a full classification review as described in subdivision (d) of this Standard when appropriate. Correctional authorities should video and audio record every planned or anticipated use of force from the initiation of the action, and should begin recording any other use of force incident as soon as practicable after the incident starts. (c) Correctional authorities should take appropriate responsive measures without delay when intake screening identifies a need for immediate comprehensive assessment or for new or continuing medication or other treatment, suicide prevention measures, or housing that takes account of a prisoners special needs. (ii) be permitted only upon individualized reasonable suspicion that the prisoner is carrying contraband, unless the prisoner has recently had an opportunity to obtain contraband, as upon admission to the facility, upon return from outside the facility or a work assignment in which the prisoner has had access to materials that could present a security risk to the facility, after a contact visit, or when the prisoner has otherwise had contact with a member of the general public; provided that a strip search should not be permitted without individualized reasonable suspicion when the prisoner is an arrestee charged with a minor offense not involving drugs or violence and the proposed strip search is upon the prisoners admission to a correctional facility or before the prisoners placement in a housing unit. In the extraordinary situation that a lockdown lasts longer than [30 days], officials should mitigate the risks of mental and physical deterioration by increasing out-of-cell time and in-cell programming opportunities. (g) The term correctional staff or staff means employees who have direct contact with prisoners, including both security and non-security personnel, and employees of other governmental or private organizations who work within a correctional facility. The chief executive of the facility or a higher-ranking correctional administrator should receive reports of all cases in which staff are found to have engaged in misconduct involving prisoners and should have final responsibility for determining the appropriate sanction. F. the contact information for a person to whom questions about the study can be posed and problems reported. (iii) after the risk that justified the use of force has passed. 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