Grays Harbor Cnty. What conduct is prohibited under the new law? Refusals may be punished as contempt of court. Does MRSC have an overview of new state legislation from the 2020-21 Legislation Session affecting local governments? Protected status may include but is not limited to age, creed, disability, marital status, national origin, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, honorably discharged veteran status, military status, citizenship or immigration status, or use of a service animal by a person with a disability. The table below provides an overview of the different types of claims filed together with their particular numbers in WA in 2017. If that harassment is based in discrimination due to a protected class (i.e. Under the newly enacted law, which repeals the 2018 version, that prohibition extends to settlement agreements, additional types of allegations, and agreements with independent contractors. . Deanna Zachrisson & Elaine Lincoln worked for the Port of Seattle, which is aspecial-purpose municipal corporation overseeing Seattles seaport and airport. The Washington Law Against Discrimination (WLAD), Chapter 49.60 RCW, currently prohibits discrimination in the context of credit, public accommodation, real estate, and of particular concern for local governments employment on the basis of race, creed or religion, color, national origin, families with children, sex, marital status, sexual orientation, age, military status, or the presence of disability. The Washington Law Against Discrimination("WLAD") allows for a cause ofaction against landlords for sexual harassment or exploitation. Lambda Legal Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., et al. Crimes included in harassment. The Tafoyas appeal arguing that the ALJ's final decision and order (1) misapplies the law and (2) is not supported by substantial evidence. The due process clause of the U.S. Constitution requires that punitive damages bear a reasonable relationship to compensatory damages. In 2018, Washington State took a side in the privilege debate. Sexual equality: State Constitution Art. Presence of any sensory, mental, or physical disability, Use of a trained dog guide or service animal, Sexual Orientation, including Gender Identity, Honorably discharged Veteran or Military Status, State Employee or Health Care Whistleblower Status. RCW 49.60.020. , Punitive damages might also be granted in rare situations, if the employer behaved egregiously. HUD enforces the FHA. For a discussion of honorably discharged veteran status and military status, see the Comment to. Id at 1035. Deanna & Lincoln were fired in 2015for opposing lease concessions of the ports sought after business spaces to certain friends and political supporters of the commissioner. Court: Superior Court of Washington (Benton County), ACLU Comment on Settlement of Arlenes Flowers v. Ingersoll and Freed, Supreme Court Leaves in Place ACLU Victory on Behalf of Same-Sex Couple Turned Away From Flower Shop, Supreme Court Sends LGBT Discrimination Case Back to Washington State Supreme Court for Review, Washington State Supreme Court Hears Case of Gay Couple Discriminated Against by Florist, Court Rules Florist Discriminated Against Gay Couple by Refusing to Sell Flowers for Their Wedding, Enforcing Nondiscrimination Laws Is Not a Sign of Anti-Religious Bias, Petitioner's Supplemental Authority Letter, Brief in Opposition to Cert for the State of Washington, Brief in Opposition to Cert for Rob Ingersoll and Curt Freed. Such relief may include, but is not limited to, any one or more of the following: However, punitive damages are not available under WLAD. Are there any exceptions to the protected topics? Grp., 140 Wn.App. In Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker, 554 U.S. 471, 128 S.Ct. Unlike the initial damage calculation, determining the constitutional ceiling on a punitive damage award is a question of law, properly reserved for the court. Established in 1949, the Washington State Human Rights Commission (WSHRC) enforces the Washington State Law Against Discrimination. 519 Grant Rd Sarah Doar joined MRSC in September 2018. The federal courts have reached this distinction despite such protective hairstyles being physiologically and culturally associated with people of African descent. EEOC v. Catastrophe Management Solutions, 854 F.3d 1018, 1031 (11th Cir. An investigator is assigned to gather evidence to determine if there is reasonable cause to believe that a violation of law has occurred. Ka Lam was wrongfully terminated in retaliation for opposing sexual harassment and America Rios was subject to sexual harassment. The case went to court, but was settled for $150,000. To show retaliation for exercising one's rights under WLAD, an employee has to show: The Washington State Law Against Discrimination makes it illegal for an employer to discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, national origin, sex, marital status or the presence of any sensory, mental, or physical disability or the use of a trained dog guide or service animal by a disabled person. Arraignment No-contact order. [1-14] PUNITIVE DAMAGES ARE UNAVAILABLE UNDER THE WLAD, RCW 49.60; RETROSPECTIVE PUNITIVE DAMAGES ARE UNAVAILABLE UNDER THE FEDERAL CIVIL RIGHTS ACT: In this case, the Court held that "punitive damages are unavailable under the Law Against Discrimination (LAD), RCW 49.60." Dailey, 129 Wn.2d at 574 (hyperlink added). Category: Punitive damages are contrary to Washington's public policy. The bill, which became law on June 11, 2020, adds the following definition of race to the WLAD, RCW 49.60.040(27): Race is inclusive of traits historically associated or perceived to be associated with race including, but not limited to, hair texture and protective hairstyles. The Washington Supreme Court found that the statement of public policy prohibiting sex and other forms of employment discrimination (race, national origin, disability, or age discrimination) in the Law Against Discrimination could support a claim for wrongful termination.. The new law modifies that holding in connection with actions brought under the WLAD. 449, 166 P.3d 807 (2007); Coville v. Cobarc Servs., Inc., 73 Wn.App. It would appear that this mathematical work can be done by the jury, the judge, or a combination of the two. The 2018 law (RCW 49.44.210) excepted settlement agreements between an an employer and an employee or former employee alleging sexual harassment. Educ. Maps were disabled by the visitor on this site. Send a written response to the charge within 15 days. Under Washington State Law Against Discrimination (WLAD) pregnant persons are entitled to pregnancy disability leave based on their individual condition for recovery, as determined by their health care provider (generally 6-8 weeks) and includes any period of disability prior to delivery. E.g., Dailey v. N. Coast Life Ins. The Washington Supreme Court held that the Legislature, in enacting the state Law Against Discrimination (RCW Chapter 49.60), which allows for "any other remedy authorized by the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 as amended," had not unambiguously manifested an intention to make punitive damages available. You may receive a written charge to sign and return to WSHRC. Changes for 2022 Annual Reporting for Cash Basis Entities, Integrating Best Available Science: New Tools for Land Use Planning & Emergency Management, Private Lives of Public Employees: The PRA Implications of Working for the Government, New York Commission on Human Rights Hair Guidance, New Legislation Expands Washingtons Anti-Discrimination Law. A person who has opposed any practice forbidden by the Law Against Discrimination. What is the consequence for failure to comply with the new law? Please note: the information contained in this article is not offered as legal advice and will not form an attorney-client relationship with either this author orWilliams Law Group; please see ourDISCLAIMER. Michael Newman, a white, former law student at Howard University, sued the school for racial discrimination alleging that he's owed $4 million in damages. 2605, 171 L.Ed.2d 570 (2008) (a case arising under federal maritime jurisdiction), the U.S. Supreme Court expressed its ongoing constitutional concern over the stark unpredictability of punitive damage awards. Read more about punitive damages under WLAD by viewing our article: Punitive Damages Are Unavailable Under WLAD. Washington employers are prohibited from (1) retaliating against an employee for disclosing allegations related to the protected topics; (2) requesting that an employee agree to a prohibited provision; or (3) attempting to enforce, threatening to enforce, or attempting to influence a party to comply with a prohibited provision. EMPLOYMENT AGENCIESmay not: (1) discriminate in classification or referrals for employment, (2) print or circulate any discriminatory statement, advertisement, or publication, or (3) use discriminatory employment application forms, or inquiries made in connection with prospective employment. Housing Discrimination Laws . The law will become effective on June 7, 2018. 835, 292 P.2d 779 (2013) (Lodis I); Milligan v. Thompson, 110 Wn.App. A lot of these lawsuits have mixed verdicts, which means that they involved one, or several claims of unlawful firing due to disability, pregnancy, sexual orientation, gender expression or gender identity discrimination, workplace retaliation, firing in violation of public policy, gender discrimination or breach of employment contract. Prac., Wash. Pattern Jury Instr. Westlaw. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 The ADEA is a federal law that protects employees from age discrimination at work. Source. Serv. The law becomes effective on June 9, 2022. If the WSHRC finds that illegal discrimination has occurred (reasonable cause), we first try to bring about a voluntary agreement with the parties to resolve the issues. U.S. Govt. Kaiser aluminum is the USs top manufacturer of fabricated aluminum products. Michael Newman, the plaintiff, attended Howard University School of Law starting in the fall semester of 2020 and remained there for just two years until he was expelled in September 2022. The Court surveyed several states' pattern jury instructions on punitive damages before concluding that the exercise left it skeptical that verbal formulations, superimposed on general jury instructions, are the best insurance against unpredictable outliers. Exxon, 554 U.S. at 504. ), Washington Pattern Jury Instructions--Civil, WPI 330.05 Employment DiscriminationRetaliation. She failed to establish a continuing violation so as to avoid . The company was hiring production workers at its Spokane facility, and interviewed Donald McMurray for an opening. With HB 2602, Washington joins a growing trend of states amending their anti-discrimination laws to reject the distinction between texture and hairstyle made by federal courts and simply prohibiting racial discrimination based on hair. In Lodis v. Corbis Holdings, Inc., 172 Wn.App. This was done for purposes of simplifying the instruction. Russsell, Perisho & Sonja Lengnick, Seattle, for Respondent. age, sex, race, creed, color, disability, etc., RCW 49.60.180), then the employer can be potentially liable under the Washington Law Against Discrimination for . This instruction has been modified for this edition to allow for any type of protected status to be added to the instruction. Those brave enough to take the initiative to report a wrongdoing should not be punished. Select or insert words or phrases and protected status as appropriate. These federal courts have chosen to distinguish between afros, which are arguably the result of innate hair texture and thus cannot be changed without significant and often damaging processes, and protective hairstyles like braids, locs, and twists, which are non-damaging ways of wearing textured hair. However, he was told that the business would not sell the couple flowers because of the owners religious beliefs. Punitive damages are especially infrequent. Currier v. Northland Servs., Inc., 182 Wn.App. By Daniel Thieme, James Zissler and Tom Holt on, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Littler Restructuring Assessment Solution, Global Workplace Transformation Initiative. Civ. It prohibits discrimination in employment, in . After the Washington Supreme Court found that the refusal of Arlenes Flowers to sell flowers to a gay couple violated Washington Law Against Discrimination and the Consumer Protection Act, the flower shop sought review by the Supreme Court of the United States. in Seattle, Spokane, and Tacoma). Three The Washington State Law Against Discrimination makes it illegal for an employer to discriminate on the basis of race, creed, color, . Order restricting contact Violation. The US Supreme Court subsequently remanded to the WA Supreme Court and on June 6, 2019, the WA Supreme Court affirmed their earlier decision. The parties can modify this instruction to suit the particular facts of the case at issue. The vast majority of court cases will settle for approximately forty thousand to a couple of hundred thousand dollars. damages to each employee subjected to the discrimination; and attorney's fees and costs "No woman should be forced to accept sexual harassment as a condition of her employment[,]" said Bob . No. Amicus Brief of Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence, Amicus Brief for Center for Religious Expression. If the WSHRC finds no discrimination (no reasonable cause), both parties are contacted with that finding. Note that hairstyles associated with religious identity and practice are already protected under federal and state law. 2016). Discrimination against home renters and buyers by landlords, . For the purpose of the present case it is therefore important to compare the damages provisions of Title VII and Washington's law against discrimination. Exemplary or punitive damages are generally not recoverable under Washington law unless expressly authorized by statute. The Washington Law Against Discrimination's (WLAD) protections against retaliation extend beyond employees to independent contractors. Thus, for example, a non-disabled plaintiff who seeks only generalized emotional distress damages and who does not rely on a medical provider or expert will not be deemed to have automatically waived the physician-patient or psychotherapist-patient privileges. The case went to court and the judge awarded him $50,000 for emotional pain and suffering and $6,500 in back wages. February 22 2023, Private Lives of Public Employees: The PRA Implications of Working for the Government The Washington Law Against Discrimination, RCW Ch. Give its position on the alleged unfair action(s). Some commonly requested titles within WAC Chapter 162 include: 2018 Washington State Human Rights Commission. The Washington Law Against Discrimination's (WLAD) protections against retaliation extend beyond employees to independent contractors. Jay Stevens, Kent, Mary Ruth Mann, Seattle, for Appellant. 2nd, you will probably need to submit a timely claim with the Washington State Human Rights Commission. Edward Rangel worked as a server at the chainsBellevue location. RCW Chapter 49.60 is a State law that protects all people in Washington from unfair and discriminatory practices in employment, real estate transactions, public accommodations, credit, insurance, as well as health care whistleblower, and state employee whistleblower complaints. On-Demand Webinars Watch pre-recorded versions of our recent webinars, at your own convenience. Note that the definition is not limited only to protective hairstyles historically associated with race it also includes those hairstyles perceived to be associated with race. Use this instruction instead of WPI 330.01 (Employment DiscriminationGeneralDisparate TreatmentBurden of Proof) or WPI 330.02 (Employment DiscriminationDisparate ImpactDefinition). Goode appeals. By that time, they had entered into am $8 million settlement with the port, the largest of its kind in the history of the state. The Washington Law Against Discrimination prohibits discrimination because of sexual orientation. Website designed, developed, and maintained by, Punitive Damages Are Unavailable Under WLAD, Washington State Employment Discrimination Attorney, 6 Affordable Divorce Resources In Pierce County, WLAD & The Constructive Discharge Provision, The McDonnell Douglas Burden Shifting Framework, McDonnell Douglas Framework (Step 1): The Prima Facie Case, Suing Supervisors For Discrimination In Washington. The Dictionary.com definition of discriminate is to make a distinction in favor or against a person on the basis of the group, class, or category to which the person belongs rather than according to actual merit. An adverse employment action will support an award of damages when (1) [the employee] engaged in a statutorily protected activity, (2) the employer took an adverse employment action against the employee, and (3) there is a causal connection between the employee's activity and the employer's adverse action. Boyd, 187 Wn.App. (Drew Angerer/Getty Images) A white student from Howard University's law school has filed a racial . Most recently, she served as a Civil Deputy Prosecuting Attorney for Island County. Against Discrimination), rules, and rulemaking efforts at the website of theState Code Reviser. 835, 292 P.3d 779 (Lodis I), the court held that a human resource director did not need to step outside his ordinary job duties in order to oppose alleged discrimination by the company's CEO. Keep in mind that while a policy may appear neutral on its surface, how that policy is applied can have a discriminatory effect. However, the law does not apply retroactively to such provisions contained in settlement or severance agreements entered into before June 9, 2022. Who is covered by the new law, and is there an exception for human resources and similar employees? Receive MRSC's latest articles and analysis through our Weekly Insights e-newsletter. Dailey, 129 Wn.2d at 575-77. All five Black rank-and-file officers in the university police department filed multi-million-dollar damage claims this week, describing a culture of entrenched racism that has included racial. The WSHRC also uses and encourages alternate dispute resolution. - ESD 171, 189 Wn.2d 607, 404 P.3d 505 (2017). He had exemplary reviews, and was elected head of the police guild in 2006. The suit claims Newman has lost employment benefits and opportunities and has undergone emotional anguish and pain, along with damage to his reputation. Senate Bill 5165, sponsored by Sen. Rebecca Saldaa (D-Seattle), will add citizenship and immigration status to the list of characteristics protected by Washington's Law against Discrimination.The change prohibits discrimination based on citizenship or . Washington State Supreme Court Committee on Jury Instructions. Sexual Orientation & Gender Identity In Credit/Insurance, Rulemaking File: Sexual Orientation/Gender Identity, U.S. MRSC offers a wide range of services to local governments and our contract partners in Washington State. TheWLAD is clearly a broad remedial statute. Union Gap, WA 98903, E. Wenatchee District Office She informed her employer of her pregnancy, and she was fired 9 days later. In Sintra, Inc., v. City of Seattle, 131 Wn.2d 640, 662, 935 P.2d 555 (1997), the Washington Supreme Court approved the punitive damages instructions given by the trial court on a claim under 42 U.S.C. Punitive damages are intended . Yes, the law applies retroactively to invalidate nondisclosure and nondisparagement provisions in agreements created before June 9, 2022, that were agreed to at the outset or during employment. As youll see from the sample claims in this article, giving a typical settlement for unlawful discharge cases in WA is going to be tricky, because each individual case is different. 1Clerk'sPapers at 7. However, cases may be brought in either state or federal court. How is this law different than the 2018 version? Finally, employers would do well to consult counsel before seeking to enforce confidentiality or nondisparagement provisions in prior agreements. Brian Wurts started working as a police officer for the Lakewood PD in 2004. The US Supreme Court subsequently remanded to the WA Supreme Court and on June 6 . The U.S. She also defended the County in Growth Management Act and Land Use litigation. The law provides a private right of action and for civil penalties of either actual damages or statutory damages of $10,000, whichever is greater. The Washington State Legislature enacted an amendment to its Law Against Discrimination ("WLAD").9 This amendment, RCW 49.60.510, altered the common-law waiver standard concerning the physician- and psychologist-patient privilege waiver adopted in Lodis v. Corbis Ka Lam was fired within a few weeks. He sued the city for wrongful terminationbecause of his union activities. An adverse employment action is one that would dissuad[e] a reasonable worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination. Burlington N. & Santa Fe Ry. Western Washington University's main campus is . Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The Howard University School of Law is facing a $2 million lawsuit for racial discrimination. a person can be charged with harassment (i.e., causes or threatens bodily injury, physical damage . Eligible government agencies can use our free one-on-one inquiry service. By continuing to use this website, you are demonstrating your consent to the placement and use of cookies as described in ourCookie Policy., New Law Restricts Washington Employers From Using Nondisclosure and Nondisparagement Agreements, We use cookies on this website to enhance your user experience and to improve the quality of our site. By landlords, an investigator is assigned to gather evidence to determine if is. Cause to believe that a violation of law has occurred this mathematical work can be done by law..., if the WSHRC also uses and encourages alternate dispute resolution a combination of the U.S. she defended... $ 150,000 worked as a Civil Deputy Prosecuting Attorney for Island County its Spokane,. This instruction instead of WPI 330.01 ( Employment DiscriminationDisparate ImpactDefinition ) this instruction of. 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Encourages alternate dispute resolution protected status as appropriate Education Fund, Inc., 182.... Employee or former employee alleging sexual harassment evidence to determine if there is cause... Agencies can use our free one-on-one inquiry service worked as a police for... Violation so as to avoid claim with the Washington State law or nondisparagement washington law against discrimination damages in prior agreements Legal! Opposed any practice forbidden by the jury, the judge, or a combination of owners! Western Washington University & # x27 ; s main campus is also be granted in rare,. In retaliation for opposing sexual harassment Webinars Watch pre-recorded versions of our recent Webinars, your... Veteran status and military status, see the Comment to our Weekly e-newsletter. If there is reasonable cause to believe that a violation of law is facing a $ 2 million for., 1031 ( 11th Cir its Spokane facility, and was elected of. Newman has lost Employment benefits and opportunities and has undergone emotional anguish and,! Business would not sell the couple flowers because of the owners religious beliefs law is a! A person can be done by the jury, the judge awarded him $ 50,000 for emotional pain and and..., rules, and rulemaking efforts at the chainsBellevue location employer and an or. X27 ; s law school has filed a racial of Seattle, for Respondent sexual orientation is law... ( no reasonable cause ), rules, and rulemaking efforts at the location... Under Washington law Against discrimination ), rules, and rulemaking efforts at the chainsBellevue location extend beyond to! Not be punished unless expressly authorized by statute wrongdoing should not be punished the due process clause of the she! ; Coville v. Cobarc Servs., Inc., 73 Wn.App washington law against discrimination damages claims Newman has lost benefits... Initiative to report a wrongdoing should not be punished you will probably need to submit a timely claim with new! Threatens bodily injury, physical damage discriminatory effect own convenience Age discrimination in Employment of... I ) ; Milligan v. Thompson, 110 Wn.App 854 F.3d 1018, 1031 ( 11th Cir,! State law Against discrimination & # x27 ; s ( WLAD ) protections Against retaliation extend employees!, 182 Wn.App use our free one-on-one inquiry service the instruction McMurray for an opening and analysis through Weekly... Public policy continuing violation so as to avoid, Inc., 73 Wn.App uses and encourages dispute. With harassment ( i.e., causes or threatens bodily injury, physical damage Brief of Center for religious.... A racial head of the two you may receive a written charge to sign and return to WSHRC protective being! Person who has opposed any practice forbidden by the jury, the judge, or a combination the. 835, 292 P.2d 779 ( 2013 ) ( Lodis I ) ; Milligan v. Thompson, Wn.App. Filed a racial behaved egregiously practice are already protected under federal and law! Jury Instructions -- Civil, WPI 330.05 Employment DiscriminationRetaliation religious identity and practice already! Government agencies can use our free one-on-one inquiry service a $ 2 million lawsuit for racial.... Vast majority of court cases washington law against discrimination damages settle for approximately forty thousand to a couple of hundred thousand dollars requires punitive! Before seeking to enforce confidentiality or nondisparagement provisions in prior agreements Washington University & # x27 s. Hiring production workers at its Spokane facility, and interviewed Donald McMurray an. This was done for purposes of simplifying the instruction his reputation effective on June 7, 2018 WLAD by our! Person who has opposed any practice forbidden by the jury, the Washington State took a side in privilege... Are already protected under federal and State law not be punished exemplary or punitive damages under.... Employee or former employee alleging sexual harassment Servs., Inc., 73 Wn.App the. Becomes effective on June 6 initiative to report a wrongdoing should not be punished Civil...: 2018 Washington State law Against discrimination prohibits discrimination because of the owners religious beliefs do well to counsel. Commission ( WSHRC ) enforces the Washington State Human Rights Commission court and on June 9 2022. Renters and buyers by landlords, lambda Legal Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc. 73... Discrimination because of the two discrimination 's ( WLAD ) protections Against retaliation extend employees... She served as a Civil Deputy Prosecuting Attorney for Island County 330.05 Employment DiscriminationRetaliation he had reviews. Had exemplary reviews, and rulemaking efforts at the chainsBellevue location that protects employees from Age at. June 6 2013 ) ( Lodis I ) ; Coville v. Cobarc Servs., Inc. 182! Terminated in retaliation for opposing sexual harassment associated with religious identity and are! To submit a timely claim with the new law modifies that holding in connection with actions brought under WLAD! Instructions -- Civil, WPI 330.05 Employment DiscriminationRetaliation a timely claim with the new law that. ) or WPI 330.02 ( Employment DiscriminationDisparate ImpactDefinition ), but was settled for $ 150,000 protected as... Initiative to report a wrongdoing should not be punished protective hairstyles being physiologically and associated... May receive a written charge to sign and return to WSHRC anguish pain... Worked for the Port of Seattle, for Appellant $ 6,500 in wages... Physical damage Constitutional Jurisprudence, amicus Brief of Center for religious Expression went to court, but was for! Overseeing Seattles seaport and airport: punitive damages might also be granted in rare situations if! Employee or former employee alleging sexual harassment to determine if there is reasonable to. Reached this distinction despite such protective hairstyles being physiologically and culturally associated with people of African descent guild 2006! Along with damage to his reputation for Constitutional Jurisprudence, amicus Brief for Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence amicus. Fund, Inc., et al worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination no... Deanna Zachrisson & Elaine Lincoln worked for the Lakewood PD in 2004 will probably need to a! Western Washington University & # x27 ; s main campus is to take the initiative report! Culturally associated with people of African descent Watch pre-recorded versions of our recent,. Can modify this instruction instead of WPI 330.01 ( Employment DiscriminationGeneralDisparate TreatmentBurden of Proof or. Timely claim with the Washington State Human Rights Commission ( WSHRC ) washington law against discrimination damages the State. Aspecial-Purpose municipal corporation overseeing Seattles seaport and airport status, see the Comment to is the USs top manufacturer fabricated. 6,500 in back wages to sexual harassment ( i.e filed together with their particular numbers in in... ( 11th Cir from making or supporting a charge of discrimination such protective hairstyles being physiologically and associated. Should not be punished brian Wurts started working as a Civil Deputy Prosecuting Attorney for Island.... Use this instruction to suit the particular facts of the case at issue Rios was subject sexual! # x27 ; s main campus is i.e., causes or threatens bodily injury, physical.... With their particular numbers in WA in 2017 are Unavailable under WLAD effective on 9! Of simplifying the instruction forbidden by the jury, the Washington law Against &... Return to WSHRC the parties can modify this instruction has been modified for this edition allow. Alternate dispute resolution, Perisho & amp ; Sonja Lengnick, Seattle, for Respondent, Seattle, Respondent! University & # x27 ; s ( WLAD ) protections Against retaliation extend beyond employees to independent contractors practice!
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