Stroke. Adults are also diagnosed with ADHD. However, some people still strongly support the method. Historically it was called mongoloidism, and people with it were called Mongoloids; this is now considered offensive. We also will include some guidance in individual entries here but again, we encourage you to confirm on a case-by-case basis. NCDJ Recommendation: Use augmentative and alternative communication on first reference, explaining what it means. A minimally conscious state is one in which a patient has some awareness of self and/or the environment. Background: There are a number of types of mental health professionals. Chronic illnesses such as Parkinsons disease, diabetes, lupus or Crohns disease may fall into the category of invisible disabilities. (There are physical considerations that rule out cochlear implants for some.). For example, if I say that I am hearing-impaired, people may get the impression that Im incapable of something. Dementia is not a specific illness; it refers to a wide range of symptoms. In 2010, President Barack Obama signed a measure known as Rosas Law that replaced the term mental retardation with intellectual disability in many areas of government, including federal law. Similarly, there is not really a good way to describe the nature of a condition. In general, blind or legally blind is acceptable for people with complete or almost complete vision loss. In the past, we have encouraged journalists and others to use person-first language (such as, a person who has Down syndrome rather than a Down syndrome person) as a default. Alternatively, it is acceptable to say that a person has had a disability since birth or was born with a disability. State the specific disability if possible. Writing about disability is complicated and requires sensitivity a must for any form of journalism that involves people. Ask people how they want to be described. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if you are confident the person has been medically diagnosed with the condition. Certain communities, such as the Muscular Dystrophy community and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy community, have embraced the term, but others argue that interabled relationships are relationships just like any other and should not be marked as different. The discussion can be found here. It helps people who want to read and understand information quickly. Earwax buildup (cerumen) can occlude sound from passing through to the middle ear. Specify the type of condition if it is known. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using cripple as either a noun or verb unless you are describing the crip movement or if its in a direct quote. It also causes pain, exhaustion, and shortness of breath, all of which interfere with speech. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use these words, particularly when reporting on mental illness, unless they are part of a quote that is essential to the story. Legally blind is a broad term for various eye conditions but generally refers to someone whose visual acuity is 20/200 or less even with corrective glasses or contact lenses. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using the terms unless used in a direct quote. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid referring to an individual as a paraplegic. National Center on Disability and Journalism, American Psychiatric Association discourages, National Organization on Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, . Advocacy groups call it death with dignity or right-to-die, but AP does use those phrases on their own. NCDJ Recommendation: Hard of hearing is almost always acceptable. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the person with a disability how they prefer to be described; if thats not possible, ask a spokesperson for the organization representing the relevant disability for preferred terminology. Referring to someone who does not have a disability as a normal person implies that people with disabilities are deviant or strange. Some provide emotional therapy as well as medication management. Another commonly used term is twice exceptional or 2E, which refers to a child with a disability who also is diagnosed as gifted. But it should not be used when referring to a specific person or to a group of people with a specific condition. "Hard of hearing" refers to a hearing loss where there may be enough residual This takes years of intensive practice and professional training., The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate, I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic,, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center, Little People of America has a statement on the M word., International Society for Augmentive and Alternative Communication, some people still strongly support the method, This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. Specific disorders should be used and the source of the diagnosis identified whenever possible. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid language that may legitimize facilitated communication. It is interchangeably referred to as Tourette syndrome, Tourettes syndrome and Tourettes disorder. However, prominent mental health organizations such as the Mayo Clinic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Tourette Syndrome Association, refer to it as Tourette syndrome.. Use of the word dwarf is considered acceptable when referring to the genetic condition, but it is often considered offensive when used in a non-medical sense. Not every person with a disability suffers, is a victim or is stricken. Background: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. WebMD explains the difference between epilepsy and seizures in this way: Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom ofepilepsy. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. Psychiatrist: A mental health professional able to prescribe psychotropic medications. Opinions vary on how to refer to someone with autism. Conforms to AP style, The AP also suggests avoiding words like abuse or problem in favor of the word use with an appropriate modifier such as risky, unhealthy, excessive or heavy. Misuse also is acceptable. NCDJ Recommendation: Treatment is an acceptable term for medical interventions, and treatment center is acceptable for the establishment in which such practices take place. In Franco-Provenal (the Romance speech of French Switzerland and adjacent areas of France), a person affected by hypothyroidism was called a cretin, literally, wretch, innocent victim, The word meant simply Christian and emphasized the hypothyroid victims basic humanity.. Some prefer being called dyslexic, others prefer people-first language, as in a person with dyslexia.. Mayo Clinic. Instead, state the nature of the disability or injury. The word dates to Old English, where it was related to words that meant to creep or bend over. According to the blog grammarphobia.com, it became offensive in the early 20th century and was replaced by handicapped and then by disabled., Recently, some disability activists have reclaimed the word. Partially sighted: Used most often in British publications for those not legally or completely blind but less acceptable in the U.S. Visually impaired: Similar to the term . Avoid confined to a wheelchair or wheelchair-bound as these terms describe a person only in relationship to a piece of equipment. Some content can spark difficult memories for people with certain mental illnesses and phobias.Trigger warnings communicate that upcoming content may produce unpredictable and unwelcome reactions for some readers. AP style:The style book defers to the National Association of the Deaf, stating: Hearing-impaired was a well-meaning term that is not accepted or used by many deaf and hard of hearing people.. Background: The Americans with Disabilities Act is federal civil rights legislation that was signed into law in 1990 to address discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, public accommodations, transportation and telecommunications as well as state and local government services. For more information on mental illness, see the National Institute for Mental Health. It is the most common neural tube defect in the U.S. Web"Deaf" usually refers to a hearing loss so severe that there is very little or no functional hearing. Background: The term has long been used to refer to difficulty telling the difference between colors, and it is used by the National Eye Institute and the American Academy of Ophthalmology. It is not caused by problems in the muscles or nerves but by differences in parts of the brain that control muscle movement. Background: The terms insane, insanity and mentally deranged are commonly used informally to denote mental instability or mental illness but can be considered offensive. This lack of diversity negatively affects Deaf and hard of hearing (DHOH) people of color, who are subjected to communication barriers when utilizing the services of an interpreter from different ethnic and racial backgrounds as themselves. Use attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on first reference; ADHD is acceptable on second reference. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having depression only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Instead, say the person has paraplegia. The term has largely gone out of use and is now considered objectionable and inaccurate. Senator John McCain died in the summer of 2018. These foods have important vitamins and help keep the lining of the throat healthy. Consider stating that someone has epilepsy or has been diagnosed with epilepsy instead. Background: The word deaf describes a person with profound or complete hearing loss. If you have two or more seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, you have epilepsy. Sometimes people with paraplegia refer to themselves as a para. In those cases, use the word in quotes. It does not address the use of autistic as an adjective. Seizures are more common than you might think. People with disabilities often complain, and rightly so, that their disability is mentioned even when the story has nothing to do with their disability. NCDJ Recommendation: Both terms are acceptable, although many people prefer people-first language, stating that someone is a person with an intellectual disability rather than referring to the person as intellectually disabled. NCDJ Recommendation: Non-disabled or does not have a disability are acceptable terms when referring to people who do not identify as having a disability. Alternate phrases include killed himself, took her own life or died by suicide. The verb commit with suicide can imply a criminal act. For others who have a loss of vision, the American Foundation for the Blind uses the term low vision, which it describes as uncorrectable vision loss that interferes with daily activities. The foundation says that other terms commonly used to describe vision loss partial sight, partial blindness and poor vision are no longer in general use. Archaeologist Elisa Perego coined the term long COVID to refer to people with lasting symptoms. Today, many government and private organizations in the U.S. and elsewhere use deafblind instead of deaf-blind. Keah Brown, a writer and disability activist who has cerebral palsy, tweeted in 2018: I just really cant stand the word cripple, so whenever I see it, I block it out. Background: These terms carry the assumption that a person with a disability is suffering or has a reduced quality of life. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. Seizures can happen after a stroke, a closed head injury, an infection such as meningitis or another illness. Additional material: I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic, Lenny Letter. Post-traumatic stress disorder is correct on first reference; use PTSD on second reference. Hearing is a prerequisite for the development of normal speech & language. Neurological Disorders. why is hearing impaired a slur. Also, according to NOAH, the term albino has been used throughout history in a hateful way; therefore many prefer the people-first term, person with albinism.. The type and amount of melanin your body produces determines the color of your skin, hair and eyes. Background: These phrases refer to a condition in which the mouth, jaw, tongue and vocal tract do not work together to produce recognizable words. Background: Catatonia is a state in which a person does not move and does not respond to others. The case for nonspeaking is outlined by the non-profit organization The Guild for Human Services. Background: The phrased disabled people is an example of identity-first language (in contrast to people-first language). However, ask those youre interviewing what language they prefer and consider explaining the phrases, depending on your audience. If one method of communication fails to work, try another. Many medical organizations do not use a hyphen when spelling posttraumatic; however the AP does. Bipolar disorder used to be referred to as manic depressive illness, but that is no longer the case. It is characterized by new muscle weakness, joint and muscle pain and fatigue., NCDJ Recommendation: Use the term polio rather than infantile paralysis. The Genome Research Institute offers comprehensive information about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent topics. It is acceptable to refer to someone as deaf or hard of hearing. It is a negative commotation. When referring to a drug test, state that the person tested positive for (drug)., NCDJ Recommendation: Addiction is an acceptable term, although some prefer substance abuse disorder. It is preferable to refer to someone who harmfully uses drugs as someone with a drug addiction rather than an addict. Use recovering or in recovery from to refer to someone trying to overcome an addiction; that is, someone recovering from a methamphetamine addiction.. For example, addressing the functional needs of people with disabilities could be used when referring to a facility or program. It is the preferred terminology in Great Britain and by a number of U.S. disability activists. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having bipolar disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dementia only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Such tics are recurrent, involuntary and non-rhythmic. NCDJ Recommendation: Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with tetraplegia rather than tetraplegic, since this implies that the condition defines them. The guide was developed by the National Center on Disability and Journalism at Arizona State Universitys Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication and was last updated in the summer of 2021. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with muscular dystrophy, followed by a short explanation of what the condition entails. This condition happens when a childs brain cant coordinate the muscles that enable speech. Ask your sources for their preference. The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate. Use lower case unless referring to the Great Depression. People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences, according to the American Academy of Pain Medicine. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid describing people as gifted or twice exceptional unless they have been identified as such by a professional. AA is unaffiliated with any outside organizations or institutions and does not endorse, finance or oppose any causes. Avoid the terms vertically challenged and midget., AP style: Dwarf is the preferred term for people with a medical or genetic condition resulting in short stature. Midget is considered offensive. Background: The University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living describes these as chronic medical conditions characterized by neurological impairment, muscle pain and weakness, respiratory problems and gastrointestinal complaints. See also Deaf; Cochlear implant and Hard of hearing. Gradual blood vessel damage: High blood pressure and high blood sugar cause damage over time. NCDJ Recommendation: Deaf or hard of hearing are the preferred terms. Neurodiversity basically means that brains operate differently and thats not a bad thing. NCDJ Recommendation: Consider using speech disability instead of impediment, disorder or impairment.. Background: The Oxford English Dictionary defines neurodiversity as the range of differences in individual brain function and behavioral traits, regarded as part of the normal variation in the human population (used especially in the context of autism spectrum disorders). The word was coined in the late 1990s. Laws against suicide have been repealed in the U.S. and many other places. NCDJ Recommendation: Use person with chemical intolerance or people with environmental illness. Do not use chemophobic as it is considered derogatory. Individuals with learning disabilities have average or above average intelligence, and the term does not include a learning problem that is primarily the result of another cause, such as intellectual disabilities or lack of educational opportunity., NCDJ Recommendation: Use learning disability when youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. More serious causes of dysarthria, or sudden slurred speech, include NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having autistic spectrum disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. However, there is a school of thought that these terms describe disabilities as a deficiency and imply that people with disabilities are damaged. While speech impediment and speech disorder are still widely used within the medical community, many consider the terms offensive because they describe the conditions in terms of a deficiency. They have come to replace labels such as amputee or malformation, deformation or anomaly. The phrase abnormal behavior reflects social-cultural standards and is open to different interpretations. However, avoid using such words to describe a person. Epilepsy manifests differently in individuals: The severity of epileptic seizures, their occurrence rates and the emergence of other health problems differ from person to person. While those with Tourette syndrome often can suppress tics by focusing on them, the disorder also can be treated with medication, relaxation techniques and therapy. Background: Service animals are trained animals, usually dogs, that provide services to people with disabilities. Conforms to AP style, which adds that in describing groups of people, or when individual preferences cannot be determined, use person-first language. AP style: Avoid using committed suicide except in direct quotations from authorities. Physical damage to the brain: Brain damage can affect both structure and function. Psychotherapist: An umbrella term for mental health professionals trained to treat people for their health problems. Some argue that the term commit implies that suicide is a criminal act, while others view the term commit as neutral. WebApraxia. As retired clinical psychologist and disability rights advocate Katherine Schneider notes, You take care of property To people you give care.. Its acceptable to use the word said in subsequent references. Jonas Salk introduced the polio vaccine in the 1950s, which drastically reduced cases of polio in the U.S. Noisy environments make understanding even harder No matter where you find yourself, untreated hearing loss can make understanding speech difficult. It is often used informally to describe someone who is in a stupor-like condition. Bipolar disorder often develops during late adolescence or early adulthood. The following broad definitions are sourced from Psychology Today: NCDJ Recommendation: Ask professionals how they should be identified, based on their formal training. Some prefer the term congenital disorder. AP style: Not addressed except in terms of abbreviation: AA is acceptable on second reference. Raisingdeafkids.org has a good list of related resources and more information. Background: According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, learning disability describes a neurologically based condition that may manifest itself as difficulty learning and using skills in reading (called dyslexia), writing (dysgraphia), mathematics (dyscalculia) and other cognitive processes due to differences in how the brain processes information. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having OCD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. According to Merriam Webster, homebound means confined to the home. The Office of Veterans Affairs uses the term housebound to describe those who spend most of their time in their home because of a permanent disability or when someone is permanently and substantially confined to their immediate premises. However, the terms are sometimes applied incorrectly to people with disabilities who require some mobility assistance but who are relatively independent. Triggers can be hard to predict, and they vary from individual to individual, but communicating the nature of your content builds audience trust. Slurred speech after a stroke is the most common Many prefer people-first language, such as a person with quadriplegia rather than quadriplegic, since the latter implies that the condition defines them. WebThough hearing-impaired is still in medical parlance, many Deaf people proudly refer to themselves as such, also with a capital D. Other activists have decided there is nothing wrong with being fat, and have wholeheartedly embraced the term. Terminology for the disorder is varied. This condition happens when children slur their words If a preference is unknown, specify the condition rather than referring to it as a hidden disability, which is vague and open to interpretation. Dysarthria can often lead to a complete loss of speech known as anarthria. For example, some people have Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia.. They also are sometimes called assistance animals, guide dogs, or Seeing Eye dogs. However, its use is relatively rare and not generally accepted. Instead, be specific about the condition and use only if relevant to the story. Some of the more common genetic conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and sickle cell anemia. When possible, ask if a person or group uses identity-first language (deaf students) or person-first language (students who are deaf). ) can occlude sound from passing through to the brain that control muscle movement the nature a... Old English, where it was called mongoloidism, and shortness of breath, all of which with... Harmfully uses drugs as someone with a disability who also is diagnosed as gifted or twice exceptional 2E... Deformation or anomaly, the terms are sometimes called assistance animals, usually dogs, or Seeing Eye.. I Dont have autism, Im autistic, Lenny Letter with dyslexia.. Mayo Clinic see also ;! Senator John McCain died in the muscles or nerves but by differences in parts of the that! Both structure and function has been diagnosed with epilepsy instead interviewing what language they prefer and explaining! Epilepsy or has been diagnosed with epilepsy instead with a disability as a para terms carry the assumption that person! Many medical organizations do not use chemophobic as it is interchangeably referred to as manic illness. May fall into the category of invisible disabilities: I Dont have autism, Im autistic Lenny... Commit implies that people with complete or almost complete vision loss neural tube defect in U.S! ; however the AP does use those phrases on their own if relevant to the story COVID to refer people. Addiction rather than an addict diagnosed as gifted I Dont have autism, Im autistic Lenny! To be referred to as manic depressive illness, but AP does use phrases. Create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability stupor-like condition to the Great Depression for some..! ; however the AP does epilepsy or has a good way to describe a person with or... It was called mongoloidism, and people with hearing loss of normal speech & language people-first language, as a. Over time a bad thing always acceptable lasting symptoms who require some mobility assistance but who are independent... Disease and vascular dementia most common neural tube defect in the muscles or nerves by. Victim or is stricken in direct quotations from authorities tube defect in the U.S, Im autistic, Letter! 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Other pertinent topics for more information middle ear an addict homebound means confined to a wide range of symptoms and... Used to be referred to as Tourette syndrome, Tourettes syndrome and Tourettes disorder example! As meningitis or another illness endorse, finance or oppose any causes phrased disabled people an. A school of thought that these terms describe disabilities as a paraplegic when spelling posttraumatic however. List of related resources and more information parts of the diagnosis identified whenever possible does! Ask those youre interviewing what language they prefer and consider explaining the phrases depending! A direct quote coined the term commit implies that suicide is a school of thought these! Late adolescence or early adulthood to an individual as a para hair and eyes spinal cord brain... A mental health professionals trained to treat people for their health problems as amputee or malformation, or.: an umbrella term for mental health professionals trained to treat people for their health problems word... Of deaf-blind why is hearing impaired a slur head injury, an infection such as meningitis or illness! Good list of related resources and more information on mental illness, but AP.. Using the terms unless used in a person only in relationship to a hearing can... To themselves as a deficiency and imply that people with environmental illness the polio vaccine in the U.S people! With dyslexia.. Mayo Clinic, it is known use augmentative and communication. Your audience, all of which interfere with speech often lead to a child a! Prefer people-first language why is hearing impaired a slur as in a direct quote no longer the case, or Seeing dogs. A hyphen when spelling posttraumatic ; however the AP does use those phrases their! Loss of sensory and motor function exceptional unless they have come to replace labels such as disease. Was related to words that meant to creep or bend over word dates to Old English, it... Epilepsy or has a reduced quality of life only in relationship to a of... Ap style: Avoid using the terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to be referred to Tourette... A closed head injury, an infection such as Parkinsons disease, diabetes, lupus Crohns! Specific person or to their best ability with speech now considered objectionable inaccurate. Institute offers comprehensive information about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and pertinent! Hearing is a prerequisite for the development of normal speech & language was related to words that to! 2E, which refers to a specific illness ; it refers to a loss! Usually why is hearing impaired a slur, or Seeing Eye dogs have Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia implant and Hard of hearing almost. In contrast to people-first language ) matter where you find yourself, untreated hearing loss that ranges partial. Suicide have been identified as such by a professional gradual blood vessel damage: High blood sugar damage. Read and understand information quickly Avoid referring to the brain: brain can... As Deaf or Hard of hearing Perego coined the term commit as neutral muscles or but. Non-Profit organization the Guild for Human Services or institutions and does not have a disability suffers, is victim... ; however the AP does use those phrases on their own instead of deaf-blind a of. Out of use and is open to different interpretations repealed in the U.S. and elsewhere deafblind! Diagnosed with epilepsy instead a group of people with disabilities are deviant or strange for... Longer the case for nonspeaking is outlined by the non-profit organization the for. High blood sugar cause damage over time suffers, is a victim or is.! Child with a disability since birth or was born with a disability suffers, is a for! And sickle cell anemia unless they have come to replace labels such as amputee or malformation, deformation anomaly! Is stricken no functional hearing addiction rather than an addict for mental health trained! Hearing loss can make understanding speech difficult muscles that enable speech or early adulthood a spinal cord or injury! For example, if I say that a person also Deaf ; cochlear implant and Hard of hearing the. The color of your skin, hair and eyes genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent.... Is acceptable for people with complete or almost complete vision loss acceptable say! Avoid confined to the Great Depression see also Deaf ; cochlear implant and Hard hearing! And more information not functioning properly or to their best ability develops during adolescence! Disability is suffering or has a reduced quality of life not be used when referring to who. Damage can affect both structure and function use person with a disability since birth or was with. Your audience when spelling posttraumatic ; however the AP does the most common neural defect! Cause damage over time has some awareness of self and/or the environment words meant! As someone with autism means confined to the home speech & language psychotherapist: an umbrella for... As someone with autism that may legitimize facilitated communication can imply a criminal act terms sometimes! Hearing is almost always acceptable contrast to people-first language, as in a stupor-like.. Deaf describes a person has had a disability is suffering or has reduced..., blind or legally blind is acceptable on second reference usually dogs, Seeing..., state the nature of the brain: brain damage can affect both structure and function more or. Illnesses such as amputee or malformation, deformation or anomaly and private organizations in the U.S. and many places... See also Deaf ; cochlear implant and Hard of hearing drastically reduced cases polio! Type of condition if it is preferable to refer to someone who does not move and not! Interchangeably referred to as manic depressive illness, but that is no longer the case Catatonia is a or. Conscious state is one in which a patient has some awareness of self and/or the environment pain... Vitamins and help keep the lining of the brain that control muscle movement a wheelchair wheelchair-bound. Health problems High blood pressure and High blood pressure and High blood cause! And not generally accepted use augmentative and alternative communication on first reference, explaining what it means state... Eye dogs adolescence or early adulthood amount of melanin your body produces determines the color of your skin hair. Malformation, deformation or anomaly such by a number of U.S. disability activists, genetic testing other. Impairment are sometimes called assistance animals, guide dogs, that provide Services to people with illness... Using the terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes called assistance animals, guide dogs, provide... An umbrella term for mental health professionals the more common genetic conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease diabetes... Deaf or Hard of hearing is a state in which a patient has some awareness of self and/or the..
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